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Aggregator of Electric Vehicles Bidding in Nordic FCR-D Markets: A Chance-Constrained Program

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arXiv:2404.12818v2 Announce Type: replace
Abstract: Recently, two new innovative regulations in the Nordic ancillary service markets, the P90 rule and LER classification, were introduced to make the market more attractive for flexible stochastic resources. The regulations respectively relax market requirements related to the security and volume of flexible capacity from such resources. However, this incentivizes aggregators to exploit the rules when bidding flexible capacity. Considering the Nordic ancillary service Frequency Containment Reserve - Disturbance (FCR-D), we consider an aggregator with a portfolio of Electric Vehicles (EVs) using real-life data and present an optimization model that, new to the literature, uses Joint Chance-Constraints (JCCs) for bidding its flexible capacity while adhering to the new market regulations. Using different bundle sizes within the portfolio and the approximation methods of the JCCs, ALSO-X and Conditional Value at Risk (CVaR), we show that a significant synergy effect emerges when aggregating a portfolio of EVs, especially when applying ALSO-X which exploits the rules more than CVaR. We show that EV owners can earn a significant profit when participating in the aggregator portfolio.

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